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Reviewing security metrics provides senior management a snapshot view and trends of an organization's security posture. Choice A is incorrect because reviewing risk assessment policies would not ensure that the controls are actually working. Choice B is incorrect because reviewing returns on security investments provides business justifications in implementing controls, but does not measure effectiveness of the control itself. Choice D is incorrect because reviewing user access rights is a joint responsibility of the data custodian and the data owner, and does not measure control effectiveness.

The board of directors and senior management are ultimately responsible for all that happens in the organization. The others are not individually liable for failures of security in the organization.

The first step in implementing information security governance is to define the security strategy based on which security baselines are determined. Adopting suitable security- standards, performing risk assessment and implementing security policy are steps that follow the definition of the security strategy.

To receive senior management support, an information security program should be aligned with the corporate business strategy. Risk management is a requirement of an information security program which should take into consideration the business strategy. Security governance is much broader than just regulatory compliance. Best practice is an operational concern and does not have a direct impact on a governance program.

Information security policy enforcement is the responsibility of the chief information security officer (CISO), first and foremost. The board of directors and executive management should ensure that a security policy is in line with corporate objectives. The chief information officer (CIO) and the chief compliance officer (CCO) are involved in the enforcement of the policy but are not directly responsible for it.

Most privacy laws and regulations require disclosure on how information will be used. Choice A is incorrect because that information should be located in the web site's disclaimer. Choice B is incorrect because, although encryption may be applied, this is not generally disclosed. Choice D is incorrect because information classification would be contained in a separate policy.

To be successful in implementing restrictive password policies, it is necessary to obtain the buy-in of the end users. The best way to accomplish this is through a security awareness program. Regular password audits and penalties for noncompliance would not be as effective on their own; people would go around them unless forced by the system. Single sign-on is a technology solution that would enforce password complexity but would not promote user compliance. For the effort to be more effective, user buy-in is important.

Information security has to be integrated into the requirements of the application's design. It should also be part of the information security governance of the organization. The application owner may not make a timely request for security involvement. It is too late during systems testing, since the requirements have already been agreed upon. Code reviews are part of the final quality assurance process. 

Linking realistic threats to key business objectives will direct executive attention to them. All other options are supportive but not of as great a value as choice C when trying to obtain the funds for a new program.

The primary concern will be to comply with legislation and regulation but only if this is a genuine business requirement. Best practices may be a useful guide but not a primary concern. Legislative and regulatory requirements are only relevant if compliance is a business need. Storage is irrelevant since whatever is needed must be provided